Shakespeare’s Use of Ovids Metamorphoses and Virgils Aeneid as Basis

Shakespeare’s Use of Ovid's Metamorphoses and Virgil's Aeneid as Basis for The Tempest William Shakespeare, as did most essayists of his time, took the reason for the tales he composed from different writings. He would utilize source sonnets or folklore so as to compose his own works. Romeo and Juliet, for instance, can be contrasted with the deplorability of Pyramus and Thisby. Plays, for example, Richard III and Julius Caesar are aesthetic records of notable occasions. The Tempest, in any case, is usually seen as a unique story. Numerous pundits feel this was the main story of his that was totally made by Shakespeare. This isn't the situation. Indeed, there are a few sources from which he especially drew motivation for this story. Shakespeare utilized old style messages for the vast majority of his plays, and The Tempest is no special case. Two of the narratives from which Shakespeare drew the greater part of his motivation were Ovid's Metamorphoses and Virgil's The Aeneid. Both are all the time utilized in the development of stories or works that have come after, and my expectation here is to represent exactly how they were utilized in the composition of The Tempest. The Aeneid recounts to the tale of a Trojan warrior named Aeneas, who is the child of Venus (the Roman goddess of affection) and Anchises, a Trojan ruler. The story happens in the12th century B.C., after the Trojan War, which was begun when the Trojan sovereign Paris enticed Helen, the spouse of the King of Sparta, and returned her to Troy. In reprisal, a Greek armed force pursued a 10-year war on Troy, leaving the once incredible city and a large portion of its kin crushed. After the war, Aeneas, alongside others that got away from the annihilation, heads out looking for another home. Their excursion takes them towards Sicily and Italy, and this I... ...07. Knapp, Charles. The Aeneid of Vergil, books I-VI, and the Metamorphoses of Ovid, with presentations, notes, and jargon by Charles Knapp. Chicago: Foreman and friends, 1928. Mandelbaum, Allen. The Aeneid of Virgil: A Verse Translation. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971. Mill operator, Frank Justus. Ovid's Metamorphoses in Two Volumes. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1916. Pitcher, John. A Theater of the Future: 'The Aeneid' and 'The Tempest'. Essays in Criticism 34:3 (1984): 193-215. Shakespeare, William. The Tempest. The Riverside Shakespeare: Second Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1997. 1661-86. Tarantino, Elisabetta. Morpheus, Leander, and Ariel. Review of English Studies 48:192 (1997): 489-98. Wiltenburg, Robert. 'The Aeneid' in 'The Tempest'. Shakespeare Survey 39 (1987): 159-68. Shakespeare’s Use of Ovid's Metamorphoses and Virgil's Aeneid as Basis Shakespeare’s Use of Ovid's Metamorphoses and Virgil's Aeneid as Basis for The Tempest William Shakespeare, as did most essayists of his time, took the reason for the narratives he composed from different writings. He would utilize source sonnets or folklore so as to compose his own works. Romeo and Juliet, for instance, can be contrasted with the awfulness of Pyramus and Thisby. Plays, for example, Richard III and Julius Caesar are aesthetic records of notable occasions. The Tempest, in any case, is ordinarily seen as a unique story. Numerous pundits feel this was the main story of his that was totally made by Shakespeare. This isn't the situation. Truth be told, there are a few sources from which he especially drew motivation for this story. Shakespeare utilized traditional writings for the greater part of his plays, and The Tempest is no exemption. Two of the narratives from which Shakespeare drew the vast majority of his motivation were Ovid's Metamorphoses and Virgil's The Aeneid. Both are all the time utilized in the development of stories or works that have come after, and my aim here is to outline exactly how they were utilized in the composition of The Tempest. The Aeneid recounts to the narrative of a Trojan warrior named Aeneas, who is the child of Venus (the Roman goddess of adoration) and Anchises, a Trojan ruler. The story happens in the12th century B.C., after the Trojan War, which was begun when the Trojan sovereign Paris lured Helen, the spouse of the King of Sparta, and returned her to Troy. In reprisal, a Greek armed force pursued a 10-year war on Troy, leaving the once extraordinary city and a large portion of its kin crushed. After the war, Aeneas, alongside others that got away from the devastation, heads out looking for another home. Their excursion takes them towards Sicily and Italy, and this I... ...07. Knapp, Charles. The Aeneid of Vergil, books I-VI, and the Metamorphoses of Ovid, with presentations, notes, and jargon by Charles Knapp. Chicago: Foreman and friends, 1928. Mandelbaum, Allen. The Aeneid of Virgil: A Verse Translation. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971. Mill operator, Frank Justus. Ovid's Metamorphoses in Two Volumes. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1916. Pitcher, John. A Theater of the Future: 'The Aeneid' and 'The Tempest'. Essays in Criticism 34:3 (1984): 193-215. Shakespeare, William. The Tempest. The Riverside Shakespeare: Second Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1997. 1661-86. Tarantino, Elisabetta. Morpheus, Leander, and Ariel. Review of English Studies 48:192 (1997): 489-98. Wiltenburg, Robert. 'The Aeneid' in 'The Tempest'. Shakespeare Survey 39 (1987): 159-68.

The Weather and Folklore of Altocumulus Clouds

The Weather and Folklore of Altocumulus Clouds An altocumulus cloud is a center level cloud that lives between 6,500 to 20,00 feet over the ground and is made of water. Its name originates from the Latin Altus meaning high Cumulus significance loaded. Altocumulus mists are of the stratocumuliform cloud family (physical structure) and are one of the 10 essential cloud types. There are four types of cloud underneath the altocumulus class: altocumulus lenticularis (fixed focal point molded mists that are regularly confused with UFOs)altocumulus castellanus (altocumulus with tower-like sproutings that surge upwards)altocumulus stratiformis (altocumulus in sheets or generally level patches)altocumulus floccus (altocumulus with dissipated tufts and fringy lower parts) The shortening for altocumulus mists is (Ac). Cotton Balls in the Sky Altocumulus are regularly observed on warm spring and summer mornings. Theyre probably the least complex mists to recognize, particularly since they look like wads of cotton stuck into the blue foundation of the sky. Theyre regularly white or dim in shading and are organized in patches of wavy, adjusted masses or rolls. Altocumulus mists are regularly called sheepback or mackerel sky since they take after the fleece of sheep and sizes of mackerel fish. Bellwethers of Bad Weather Altocumulus mists that show up on a reasonable moist morning can demonstrate the advancement of rainstorms later in the day. That is on the grounds that altocumulus mists frequently go before chilly fronts of low-pressure frameworks. In that capacity, they likewise in some cases signal the beginning of cooler temperatures. While they are not mists from which precipitation falls, their essence signals convection and precariousness at mid-levels of the troposphere. Altocumulus in Weather Folklore Mackerel sky, mackerel sky. Never long wet and never long dry.Mackerel scales and horses tails make elevated boats convey low sails. In the event that youre a devotee of climate old stories, youve likely heard the above truisms, the two of which are valid. The primary bit of legend cautions that if altocumulus mists are seen and pneumatic stress starts to fall, the climate wont be dry for any longer since it might begin coming down inside 6 hours time. Yet, when the downpour comes, it wont be wet for long in light of the fact that as the warm front passes, so too will the precipitation. The subsequent rhyme cautions boats to lower and take in their sails for a similar explanation; a tempest might be drawing closer soon and the sails ought to be brought down to shield them from the going with high breezes.

Custom Term Papers For Your Business

Custom Term Papers For Your BusinessCustom Term Papers can be a difficult thing to find in the UK. Not only are there a large variety of suppliers and even more competition in this industry, but it can be quite confusing at times too.In comparison, we have several English speaking countries that also have great postal services and offer a number of different options for customised business documents. One of the most popular examples of this is India. Let's take a look at the advantages that this country offers.For starters, they use paper and ink rather than printing (i.e. laser) to create their business documents. This means that any Word documents are easily created using a word processor, but that having the actual written text professionally printed is not necessary at all.Secondly, India is quite likely to have top-notch services to design, print and deliver business documents, as well as a consistent type of service. The reason that this is the case is that India is a huge coun try with a diverse population. So it is entirely feasible that business people from many different areas of the country can get their documents delivered in a timely manner.Thirdly, this means that if you want the best quality custom term papers for your company, they will be available at extremely competitive prices. This means that you will have an advantage over a competitor with similar needs as yours.However, the most attractive point of India is that you should be able to get high quality paper with low rates from this country in the past year. This means that you are well positioned to compete with the competition in terms of pricing. It also means that if you are prepared to do a little bit of extra legwork then you should be able to get the best business papers for your business.In fact, one of the biggest ways to save money in this sector is to use the online services. Some companies offer extremely competitive prices on paper and ink, and have their packages tailored to s uit your specific needs.You can also find a huge range of document templates and other options available for you to get the most competitive quotes. Even if you are still at a loss about where to buy term papers for your company, the best route to take is online.

Holden’s Basketball Experience The Absolutely True Diary...

Basketball helps Arnold find out what kind of person he can be. The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian book is trying to show you how one thing in someone’s life can help them to become a nicer and smarter person. The book as is about how one person, Arnold can be two people at once. Arnold is a part time Indian beacuse he is in Idian and he thinks that he is poor beacuse of it. Arnold is also a white person in his heart beacuse he feels like he connects with them when he plays basketball. Trying out for the basketball team thought Arnold how to make a good friendship. At first him and Rowdy were very mean to each other when Arnold first tired out for the basketball team. By the end of the book Rowdy and Arnold are equal in basketball and Arnold feels like he is a white person with Rowdy and doesn’t feel excluded. Becoming a stronger person Arnolds coach said â€Å"Nervous means you want to play. Scared means you dont want to play.† Arnold learns how to deal with his fears when he played basketball and it helped him in life. face his fears In chapter 20, Arnold tries out for the basketball team at his school. He tells himself that he is not going to get on varsity or junior varsity. Arnolds dad said that Arnold needs to dream big (20.15). Arnolds dad tells him about the story how his mom was 13 and he was five. On the first practice the coach told the team that sixteen of them are going to be cut because of the budget cuts. This shows you how poor the

Merry Christmas Quotations

Want to wish your friends a Merry Christmas? Quotes can be a great vehicle to convey the seasons greetings. These merry christmas quotes express, what a thousand-word speech cannot. 11 Quotes to Wish Everyone a Meaningful Merry Christmas Never worry about the size of your Christmas tree. In the eyes of children, they are all 30 feet tall. Larry Wilde, The Merry Book of Christmas Somehow, not only for Christmas, But all the long year through, the joy that you give to others, is the joy that comes back to you. And the more you spend in blessing, the poor and lonely and sad, the more of your hearts possessing, returns to you glad. John Greenleaf Whittier Best of all, Christmas means a spirit of love, a time when the love of God and the love of our fellow men should prevail over all hatred and bitterness, a time when our thoughts and deeds and the spirit of our lives manifest the presence of God. George F. McDougall This is the message of Christmas: We are never alone. Taylor Caldwell As long as we know in our hearts what Christmas ought to be, Christmas is. Eric Sevareid The best of all gifts around any Christmas tree: the presence of a happy family all wrapped up in each other. Burton Hillis, Better Homes and Gardens The best Christmas trees come very close to exceeding nature. Andy Rooney Christmas is not in tinsel and lights and outward show. The secret lies in an inner glow. Its lighting a fire inside the heart. Good will and joy a vital part. Its higher thought and a greater plan. Its glorious dream in the soul of man. Wilfred A. Peterson, The Art of Living Christmas is most truly Christmas when we celebrate it by giving the light of love to those who need it most. Ruth Carter Stapleton Christmas, my child, is love in action. Every time we love, every time we give, its Christmas. Dale Evans Rogers Blessed is the season which engages the whole world in a conspiracy of love. Hamilton Wright Mabie

Genetically Modified Organisms ( Gmos ) - 1587 Words

The genetic engineering of plants is looming as one of the greatest and most intractable challenges of the 21st Century. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have been with us for some forty years, yet they are difficult to understand. Despite the fact that much has been written about them, controversy still surrounds their production and consumption. GMOs are the result of genetic engineering, also known as genetic modification, which is the â€Å"deliberate, controlled manipulation of genes in an organism with the intent of improving the organism† (Encyclopedia Britannica). This is usually accomplished independent of the natural reproductive process. Much of the genetic engineering effort has been focused on the production of food crops (such as corn, wheat and soy), that are resistant to extreme climates, insects and diseases. These GMO crops become part of our food supply through direct consumption or indirectly by the consumption of livestock and fish that have been fed GMO crops. The production of GMOs in the farming and food sectors has grown rapidly in the past 20 years. If you live in United States, you are most likely eating GMOs and/or livestock who were fed GMOs. Eighty-eight percent of the corn grown in the U.S. has been genetically modified to be herbicide-resistant and/or insect-resistant (USDA, 2015). It has been estimated that upwards of seventy-five percent of processed foods on supermarket shelves – from soda to soup, crackers to condiments – containShow MoreRelatedGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmo )1665 Words   |  7 PagesA genetically modified organism (GMO) is a chemical organism processed in a laboratory where genes from the DNA of the crops are extracted and then artificially forced into an unrelated product that, when put into the crops the farmers raise, can chemically change the makeup of the crop. The chemical makeup can be from the change in the skin color of the crop to the actual organic chemistry compound. Genetic engineering is the process of splicing the genes in the crop and taking out a certain chemicalRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms, Or Gmos, Are Genetically966 Words   |  4 Pages Genetically Modified Organisms, or GMOs, are genetically modified plants, animals, or microorganisms whose genetic information has been modified by DNA-editing methods such as DNA splicing or gene modification. This modification creates unstable combinations of plant, animal, or bacterial genes that are not found in nature (GMO Facts). It is the right of the consumer to know exactly what they are consuming. However, in the United States, it is not required that food containing GMOs has to be labeledRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmos )996 Words   |  4 PagesGenetically modified organisms (GMOs) are seeds that are genetically altered in a laboratory before being planted. Later on, they grow into genetically modified (GM) foods. Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) A GMO is a plant-based organism, such as seed. However, it has: Genes that are altered to act in a certain way that does not naturally happen OR Contains genes from another plant-based organism History Since 1994, about 85 GM foods have been approved for sale in Canada. This includes GM foodsRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmo )1236 Words   |  5 PagesLayla Sugawara 4/12/15 9/Fe Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetics has been altered by some form of technology. GMOs were first developed from the idea of selective breeding or artificial selection. Selective breeding or artificial selection is when humans purposely breed two selected organisms to reproduce a offspring with a desired trait. The beginning of genetic engineering is unclear. Before the 1900s, some farmers and naturalistsRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms Or Gmos1231 Words   |  5 Pagesthese innovation scientists have been working with are genetically modified organisms, or GMOs for short. The topic of GMOs is extremely controversial. There are those who back it one hundred percent, and those who seek to see it destroyed. While much of GMOs’ fame comes from the field of genetically modified foods, it is most certainly not limited to it. A quieter, and perhaps more imaginary field of GMOs has to do with genetically modified pigs. Scientists have been reworking the genes of someRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmo )1383 Words   |  6 PagesGenetically Modified Organisms (GMO) is one of the most important issues around the world. Genetic engineering is a process where scientists take genes from one species and force it into the DNA of other species. 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Genetically modified organisms (GMOs), although they provide many benefits to the economy and food supply, are associated with numerous environmental implications; there is a noticeable increase of food allergiesRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmos )1525 Words   |  7 PagesGenetically modified organisms (GMOs) are highly embedded into our food systems. The use of GMOs is a subject that is often highly debated. GMOs have been viewed as a way to produce food more efficiently, and to aid in the feeding of our ever growing population. However, there are numerous countries that have placed a ban on the use of these products. 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This is because â€Å"in the U.S. GMO are in as much as 80% of conventional processed food (Non-GMO project).† A GMO is a â€Å"genetically modified organisms† which can be a plant or animal. What makes them a GMO is that they have been genetically engineered with DN A of another organisms that has a desired trait of some kind. The DNA used can come from other animals and plants

Policy Analysis Zero Fare Public Transport †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Policy Analysis for Zero Fare Public Transport. Answer: Introduction People quite often think that using their own vehicles for commutation is more economical and the marginal cost of its use is zero as compared to any other mode of transportation. There is a need for changing this concept of people as well as to make road traffic free, it is necessary for the government of Perth to introduce a policy which will help in making the public transportation free or at zero fare. Every city around the globe wants to formulate policies that will help in shifting and using public transport more often than their own private vehicles. By providing public transportation at zero fare, Perth will be able to reduce congestion from the road as well as it will prove beneficial for the environment (Cats, et al., 2014). Due to the congestion on the roads and environmental imbalance, countries have started thinking that, whether public transportation should be free or not. A good public transit is the need of the time, else the city will grind to halt. Sometimes, there are traffic jams which choke up the entire road for full day, hampering the day to day functioning of the people. Due to the use of a number of cars on the roads, the massive problems of emission of CO2 and smog come into existence. Thus, by providing a transportation without any cost included, the government can be able to encourage the people to avail its services more often. It will also be beneficial to the environment in the long run. Keeping in mind the pros and cons of free fare public transportation and the recommendations and feedback taken from various other cities and countries free fare public transportation, which will be discussed later, even our city Perth, Australia should formulate and implement such policy (Zureiqat, 2008). Evaluation of Proposed Policy A zero tariff transport is one where the passenger need not to pay for the public transportation used. There's a need for developing a policy for Perth to promote free fare transportation because it will increase the public transportation usage and decrease the traffic congestion. It is important for the Perth zero fare policy to be examined on its financial feasibility parameters. It is very essential to take into account the financial capital needed to adopt the policy, due to which it will be quite easy to explain the tax payers about every penny spent, as well as it will help in getting support for the system in the Perths political and social circle (Konai, et al., 2014). The analysis of the systems cash flows of revenues and cost on an annual basis is required for evaluating it on a financial basis. Maintenance costs, operation costs, general administration costs and tickets sales and collection costs are included in financial costs. To bring about a modal shift in favor of pub lic transport, a policy instrument that needs to be considered is pricing (Cats Susilo, 2017). Once the Perth free fare public transportation will come into existence, people will start experiencing its benefits and slowly and gradually will start appreciating the policy. The policy should be evaluated based on the previous experiences or case studies of other city or country free fare transportation system (Jones, 2016). For the local authorities of Perth and the policy makers, it will be one of their main priorities, to maintain and increase the market share of public transport. The city of Perth has seen a tremendous increase in the demand for transport to a similar increase in congestion due to traffic and it all leads to worsening the environmental conditions and Perths economic competitiveness. It is the demand of the time, for the creation of sustainable mobility, an attractive and dependable public transport services to be made available to its resident free of cost. Thus, it is the duty of Transport Administration of Perth City Council to formulate and implement a free fare transport system (Fightback Team, 2017). Total ridership and quality of service are the two important criteria for transit service. It should be taken into account, that if free fare policy will be implemented, how much the total ridership will change and who will be those riders. This will not only save related costs, but will also improve operational efficiency. Fare collection can be saved and costs can be controlled by the Perth Public Transport agency and by extending its system supply can capitalize on economies of scale of public transport. We can do an analysis of similar free fare transport system policy which was formulated and implemented in the city of Tallinn with a population of 43,6000 in January 2013. It became the first capital in EU to provide its citizens free fare public transport (Shearlaw, 2016). The residents were supposed to buy 2 Euro green card to avail free transportation. Due to this, there was a 5% decrease in the usage of the car, whereas an increase of a 6% in public transport usage between 2012-2013. The following are the objectives for the initiation of a full fledge free fare transport system:- Private car to public car modal shift promotion Unemployed and low income residents mobility improvement To increase the municipal income tax, encouraging the inhabitants to register themselves as residents of Tallinn 75% of the voters supported the policy to initiate the policy, which was approved by the city council. At the fare transport policy of Tallinn initiation, the policy makers said that the by increasing the municipal taxes, the lost ticket revenues will be recovered. In the year 2012, the annual revenues from the ticket was nearly 13 million euros (Eltis Team, 2017). Analysis of Perths Free Fare Transport Policy The Policy for free fare transport system for the city of Perth will be evaluated on a number of criteria mentioned below:- Fare free policy net cost: The net farebox recovery in smaller systems is usually less than 11 percent. Any net proceeds of fare collection can be cancelled out due to cost of collection, whereas in larger systems can be much greater and revenue can form a substantial portion of the operating budget (Perone Volinski, 2014). Policy impact on quality of service and ridership: Due to the policy there will be a substantial increase in the ridership. But it needs to be kept in mind what what kind of ridership is increasing or the commuters are good or bad for the system, or due to the free fare service, more and more number of people commuting and hence shoving away the existing commuters etc. Impact of policy on the goals of the community: Few important points should be noted that what will be the effect of the free fare transport service of the environment and traffic congestion, will it be able to create a positive perception for a long run for the transit system etc. There should be focus on service quality improvement and customers safety, to increase the choice ridership in the Perths transit system policy. If the fare is low, it can also cause problems which will lead to the deterioration of the Perth Transit system service, comfort and image. The citizens driving their own vehicle must be encourages to use public transport so that it cost nothing to them as they will feel cheated by paying taxes for a utility they are not using. Other than that, the cost of operation and maintenance of free fare public transport system need to be checked at every regular interval to keep it in control. Existing and Alternative Policies for Fare Free public transport The existing fare free public transport policy for the city of Perth can be beneficial to the community as a whole. It will be simple and easy in public transport system handling, there will be minimum congestion on the road, greenhouse gas emissions will be reduced. It will be easier to calculate the investment costs since there will be a fix income coming from the taxes. Though free fare public transport system has its own plus and minus points, but before implementing few points should be kept in mind, taking into considerations, the zero fare policies of other cities and countries. It can be and cannot be a right move for our city, which we will be able to tell only in the coming years. It is important to have a committed partner to fund such policy and the quality of the services should be maintained. The policy should be in a position to fixed routes as well as para transit services to the commuters. Lastly, there should be policing the system, wherein any joy-rider should be removed immediately. By doing an analysis of several other countries and cities fare transport policies, it has come into knowledge that other than free fare public transport, below mentioned options can also be considered, though it was observed that soundful evaluation of a small number of experiments can only be done. Thus, in the long run, it is hard to say that whether the policy will be able to sustain or not (Olsen, 2016). Free fare public transport for Limited Period: The city and state councils, to promote behavior shift toward public transport, to the non-regular users offer rides for free for a specific period of time. Such policy success can only be determined when the promotion period is over and behavioral change of the riders is measured. But such policy can also ;lead to increase in the number of disruptive passengers and over crowdedness. Free fare public transport for limited scale: In the city if Perth, any two running bus lines can be made free to the general public on working days. It can be done for a year so as to reduce the congestion from the city freeway.With past experiences in other cities, when this policy was implemented, it tripled the ridership to 15% new trips. Although the size of the pilot project can or cannot achieve the objective, but it will promote better utilization of capacity (Fearnley, 2013). Recommendations to the Perths existing free fare public transport policy The free fare public transport policy should be fair. There will be fewer non-riders who will be contributing to the policy, yet not utilizing the services. In the user pay system, scarce resources should be allotted efficiently. Due to fare free policy, there will be a rise in the ridership. Attention should be paid to the type of increasing ridership, overcrowdedness and any kind of problem riders, which can lead to the policys failure. The policys main aim is environmental balance and congestion free traffic system. Utmost importance needs to be given in that direction (Perone, 2002). To make the policy to run for long term, positive perception of the transit system needs to be formed. Regular surveys on the customers satisfaction and service quality need to be conducted. In a larger system like the one in the city of Perth, the net farebox recovery should be greater, wherein the revenue will form a substantial portion of the operating budget. The cost of operations, maintenance cost, security cost and labor cost should be kept in mind while drafting the policy (Jaffe, 2013). People quite often doubt on the success of the free fare public transport system and raise questions that it is only suitable for massive patronage growth. Though it is a very optimistic approach to formulate such policy which will help in benefiting the environment, traffic congestion, etc. Free fare public transport, for other goals and proposes very low achievement at a cost which is very high. Free fare transport funds are allotted by taking out funds from other public budget funds which is not liked by many. But having said that, such policy is a costly affair, but if it get political and public support, it will definitely turn into a successful scheme. References Cats, O., Reimal, T. Susilo, Y., 2014. Public Transport Pricing Policy Empirical Evidence from a Fare-Free Scheme, Available at: https://www.tallinn.ee/eng/freepublictransport/g13168s70247 Cats, O. Susilo, Y., 2017. The prospects of fare-free public transport: evidence from Tallinn. Transportation journal, 44(5), p. 10831104. Eltis Team, 2017. Introducing free public transport in Tallinn (Estonia), Available at: https://www.eltis.org/resources/videos/introducing-free-public-transport-tallinn-estonia Fearnley, N., 2013. Free Fares Policies: Impact on Public Transport Mode Share and Other Transport Policy Goals. International Journal of Transportation, 1(1), pp. 75-90. Fightback Team, 2017. Is zero-fares public transport the answer? A debate, Available at: https://fightback.org.nz/2017/03/15/is-zero-fares-public-transport-the-answer-a-debate/ Jaffe, E., 2013. How Free Transit Works in the United States, Available at: https://www.citylab.com/transportation/2013/03/how-free-transit-works-united-states/4887/ Jones, A., 2016. The benefits and challenges of students using public transit, Available at: https://transloc.com/blog-benefits-students-public-transit/ Konai, N., L'Homme, A. Yokoyama, C., 2014. Implementing a Zero-fare policy for the Sao Paul metro, Available at: https://lecture.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~zkanemoto/SaoPauloReport.pdf Olsen, D., 2016. Why Community and Public Transportation Should Be Fare-Free, Available at: https://web1.ctaa.org/webmodules/webarticles/articlefiles/Fare_Free.pdf Perone, J., 2002. Advantages and disadvantages of fare-free transit policy, Available at: https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.504.198rep=rep1type=pdf Perone, J. Volinski, J., 2014. Fare, free, or something in between?, Available at: https://www.nctr.usf.edu/pdf/473-132.pdf Shearlaw, M., 2016. The Tallinn experiment: what happens when a city makes public transport free?, Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/oct/11/tallinn-experiment-estonia-public-transport-free-cities Zureiqat, H., 2008. Fare policy analysis for public transport : a discrete-continuous modeling approach using panel data, Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/38003968_Fare_policy_analysis_for_public_transport_a_discrete-continuous_modeling_approach_using_panel_data